Lecture References

2. Kennett, J.P. (1982) Marine Geology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

3. Press, F. and Siever, R. (1978) Earth (second edition). W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.

4. Isacks, B. J. Oliver and L.R. Sykes (1968) J. Geophys. Res., 73 , 588. see alternatively Kennett, Figure 5-6, pg 140.

5. Barazangi, M. and B. Isacks (1976) Geology 4, 686-692. See alternatively Kennett, Figure 5-7, pg. 141.

6. Heirtzler et al. (1966) Deep-Sea Research, 13. see alternatively Kennett, Figure 4-7, pg 119.

7. Dewey, J. (1972) "Plate Tectonics", see alternatively Kennett, Figure 5-1, pg 132.

8. Parsons, B. and J.G. Sclater (1977) An analysis of the variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 803-827.

9. Parsons, B. (1982) Causes and consequences of the relation between area and age of the ocean floor. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 289-302.

10. Carslaw, H.S. and J.C. Jaeger (1959) Conduction of Heat in Solids (2nd edition), Oxford University Press.

11. Turcotte, D.L. and G. Schubert (1982) Geodynamics: applications of continuum physics to geological problems. Wiley, New York.

12. Morse, S.A. (1980) Basalts and phase diagrams: an introduction to the quantitative use of phase diagrams in igneous petrology, Springer Verlag.

13. Turner, J.S. (1973) Buoyancy effects in fluids, Cambridge University Press.

14. Phillips, O.M. (1991) Flow and reactions in permeable rocks, Cambridge University Press.

15. Fehn, U., K.E. Green, R.P. von Herzen and L.M. Cathles (1983) A numberical model for the hydrothermal field at the Galapagos Spreading Center, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 1033-1048.

16. S.A. Morse (1980) Basalts and phase diagrams: an introduction to the quantitative use of phase diagrams in igneous petrology. Springer-Verlag, 493 pp.

17. D.R. Scott and D.J. Stevenson (1989) A self-consistent model of melting, magma migration and buoyancy-driven circulation beneath mid-ocean ridges. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 2973-2988.

18. J.P. Morgan, D.K. Blackman and J.M. Sinton (eds.) (1992) Mantle flow and melt generation at mid-ocean ridges. Geophysical Monograph 71, American Geophysical Union, Washington, 361 pp. See especially the papers: D.W. Forsyth, Geophysical constraints on mantle flow and melt generation beneath mid-ocean ridges; P.C. Hess, Phase equilibria constraints on the origin of ocean floor basalts; D.L. Turcotte and J.P. Morgan, The physics of magma migration and mantle flow beneath a mid-ocean ridge; C.H. Langmuir, E.M. Klein and T. Plank, Petrological systematics of mid-ocean ridge basalts: constraints on melt generation beneath ocean ridges

19. J.P. Morgan and Y.J. Chen (1993) The genesis of oceanic crust: magma injection, hydrothermal circulation and crustal flow. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 6283-6297.

20. W.S. Broecker and T.-H. Peng (1982) Tracers in the Sea, Eldigo Press, 690 pp.

21. R.A. Berner (1980) Early Diagenesis: A Theoretical Approach, Princeton University Press, 241 pp.

22. S. Emerson and M. Bender (1981) Carbon fluxes at the sediment-water interface of the deep-sea: calcium carbonate preservation. J. Mar. Res. 39, 139-162.

23. J.D. Hays, J. Imbrie and N.J. Shackleton (1976) Variations in the Earth's orbit: pacemaker of the ice ages. Science , 194, 1121-1132.

24. J. Imbrie, E.A. Boyle, S.C. Clemens, A. Duffy, W.R. Howard, G. Kukla, J. Kutzbach, D.G. Martinson, A. McIntyre, A.C. Mix, B. Molfino, J.J. Morley, L.C. Peterson, N.G. Pisias, W.L. Prell, M.E. Raymo, N.J. Shackleton and J.R. Toggweiler (1992) On the structure and origin of mjajor glaciation cycles. 1. Linear responses to Milankovitch forcing. Paleoceanography, 7 , 701-738.

25. J. Imbrie, A. Berger, E.A. Boyle, S.C. Clemens, A. Duffy, W.R. Howard, G. Kukla, J. Kutzbach, D.G. Martinson, A. McIntyre, A.C. Mix, B. Molfino, J.J. Morley, L.C. Peterson, N.G. Pisias, W.L. Prell, M.E. Raymo, N.J. Shackleton and J.R. Toggweiler (1993) On the structure and origin of mjajor glaciation cycles. 2. The 100,000-year cycle. Paleoceanography, 8 , 699-735.

26. N.G. Pisias and T.C. Moore Jr. (1981) The evolution of Pleistocene climate: a time series approach. Earth Planet. Sci. Letters , 52, 450-458.

27. C.R.B. Lister (19 )

28. M.H. Ritzwoller and E.M. Lavely, Three-dimensional seismic models of the Earth's mantle, Rev. Geophys., 33, 1-66.

29. D.L. Anderson, Lithosphere, asthenosphere, and perisphere, Rev. Geophys., 33, 125-149.

30. A.F. Sheehan, G.A. Abers, C.H. Jones, and A.L. Lerner-Lam, Crustal thickness variations across the Colorado Rocky Mountains from teleseismic receiver functions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20391-20404.

31.E.A. Boyle and L.D. Keigwin (1985) Comparison of Atlantic and Pacific paleochemical records for the last 215,000 years: changes in deep ocean circulation and chemical inventories, Earth Planet. Sci. Letters, 76, 135-150.

32. T.F. Pedersen, B. Nielsen and M. Pickering (1991) Timing of late Quaternary productivity pulses in the Panama Basin and implications for atmospheric CO, Paleoceanography 6, 657-677.

33. Muller and MacDonald (1995) Nature 377, 107. See also EOS 76(48), 489-490.

34. A.R.M. Nowell, P.A. Jumars and J.E Eckman, Effects of biological activity on the entrainment of marine sediments, Marine Geology, 42, 133-153.

35. I.N. McCave (1984) Size spectra and aggregation of suspended praticles in the deep ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 31, 329-352.

36. I.N. McCave (1983) Particle size spectra, behavior, and origin of nepheloid lyaers over the Nova Scotian continental rise. J. Geophys. Res, 88, 7647-7666.

37. W. Stumm and J.J. Morgan (1970) Aquatic chemistry, 1st ed., Wiley.

38.P.A. Jumars and A.R.M. Nowell (1984) Effects of benthos on sediment transport: difficulties with functional grouping. Cont. Shelf. Res., 3, 115-130.

39. J.E. Eckman and A.R.M. Nowell (1984) Boundary skin friction and sediment transport about an animal-tube mimic. Sedimentology, 31, 851-862.

40. T.F. Gross and A.J. Williams III (1991) Characterization of deep-sea storms, Mar. Geol. 99, 281-301.

41. W.J. Kious and R.I. Tilling, This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996. (on-line edition available.)

42. P. Kumar and E. Foufoula-Georgiou (1997) Wavelet analysis for geophysical applications. Rev. Geophys., 35, 385-412.

43. C.A. Stein and S. Stein (1992) A model for the global variation in oceanic depth and heat flow with lithospheric age. Nature, 359, 123-129.

44. T.N. Narasimhan (1999) Fourier's heat conduction equation: history, influence, and connections. Rev. Geophys., 37, 151-172.

45. K.G. Speer and P.A. Rona (1989) A model of an Atlantic and Pacific hydrothermal plume. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 6213-20.

46. W.R. Peltier (1998) Postglacial variations in the level of the sea: Implications for climate dynamics and solid-earth geophysics, Reviews of Geophysics 36, 603-689.